The reality of VoIP security risks

He has a lot to the time said the security situation was the last in which, or lack thereof, of one-over-IP voice network recently canceled CompTIA. This report, first, that 50% SME VoIP only have confidence in the safety measures taken. Since most telecommunications companies believe that their lifeline to the outside world, no wonder the economy seems to converge their networks with a watchful eye.

So I decided to go into that to try to discoverwhat is everyone so scared about. Since most companies require a network availability of 99.999% and the availability of their VoIP security concerns only their voice is not paranoia, but is based on real threats that are real technological possibilities.

Thus, these threats are network specialists is nothing new, and security that have blocked the IP networks from hackers and viruses Spoofer after the introduction of technology.

From what Ive been looking for, Most of these threats to the network changes the voice on an issue to disrupt communications in various ways, with the same old methods. Of course, a denial of service attack to force a voice network in the knee, making communication with an advanced form of incomprehensible, what most companies will not tolerate.

Spoofing, Man in the middle and eavesdropping threats all in a data network, which take on new opportunities in VoIP. Identity and intercept dataTransformation calls to voice files, to educate all thoughts chaos industrial espionage firm, identity theft and unauthorized transfers.

It 's my conclusion that although the attacks described above are not widely used, must be prepared at this time, companies and security experts for an attack such as VoIP for a wider application.

Just as the backup of a data network is the top priority in today's world, up to date security measures are crucial if your convergedVoice over network. E 'for which specialists are to install, in-house or contracted out to put security on the front line of migration.

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Why does my computer for no reason?

It seems as if your computer crashes often for no reason at all? I know that I had the same problem on my computer a little 'back while I was doing my job. Even if I had turned on only one program at a time, my mouse would freeze only once, and my keyboard does not respond. Everything on the screen just to move, and there was no way to recover from him than the PC with the power button to restart.

There can be many adverse effectsDo not turn off the PC properly. Otherwise, besides losing all the valuable work that you work up a bit ', the computer starts up with more errors in the future, because it was closed. If this is your problem, there is a cure for it and will be explained in this article. I found that the main reason why the computer crashes because of errors or bad entries in the registry of the computer. Almost every computer user has no idea whatLog file or how to solve them.

Basically, the computer's registry is as important as any other PC component. Are the files, they instruct the computer just as close to launch programs as they work and how. Over time it becomes more and more errors in the registry to "stick" to your programs, they often cause. They just know what to do next.

To resolve this problem, I downloaded the recording wellCleaner software and managed my original settings back to recovery. My computer has never frozen and began to run too fast. If you want to restore the registry, get the website link below to learn more about the top registry repair software.

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As telecommunications systems effectively influence a business?

After a reliable and efficient telecommunications system is an important factor for a company that communicates with its customers. The District of Columbia is a prime example of a regular industry, communication systems are essential to survive in the economy. The nation's capital makes many important political and influential people in the region, the DC-PBX important. If a telephone company video conferencing and Voice Over Internet Protocol(VoIP) systems are inefficient, you can 'lose customers and do not survive the tough competition.

Reliability
The main reason for a business in Washington, DC needs a reliable telecommunications network customer care for her. If customers can not reach, if necessary, you will see that businesses can. When telephone service is often down to the customer to take it personally, even though the chances of companies have no controlif their telephone lines and computer systems work or not. Often, when a communication companies are unreliable, this leads us to believe that the whole business model of its customers is equally unreliable.

Volume
Most companies in the DC Metropolitan Area start small and grow. Sometimes they grow so fast that their telecommunications systems can not keep up with them. If the lines are overloaded, calls are ignored or not accept voicemail crucialMessages. They need the ability to add rows and adapt their systems to a higher volume of business. As a result, have their own telecommunications systems continue to be able to handle the needs of society as they grow.

Quality
There are few things more frustrating than not able to identify clearly the person who speaks the other end. After static muffle the call may be misleading. After talking and cut cases require each partyrepeat what the other said. He adds, frustration and confusion in this equation. This can cost a business. If a company can not choose a basic telephone system reliable, trustworthy, how to handle important business decisions for the client?

New Technology
Every day, technology in the Washington area, DC is growing and evolving. Company at the top of the food chain are likely to remain on top with the use of new technologies ortheir competitors, the collection swallows the latest and greatest gadgets and communications functions. This means that they already have a phone with voice mail, conferencing capabilities and multi-line telephones. As the technology for new products, services, their systems should be able to take account of these new tasks and time.

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Advantages of using Microsoft OCS Reviews

The use of Microsoft OCS solution offers the first of a collaborative experience of unified communications for corporate communication and ensures seamless connectivity to content. Microsoft OCS solutions help companies to easily connect customers, employees, suppliers and business partners, so the efficiency of the company's business decisions and do the critics. Companies can reduce costs, improve the cost of telephone calls and employee productivity through the effective integration of immediateMessaging (IM), presence awareness and Web / teleconferencing.

Advantages:
Microsoft OCS can improve significantly reduce business efficiency, resource utilization and costs.

Improved business efficiency
Microsoft OCS offers the user the option of on-line availability of other users, so you can see the cost of unnecessary calls. OCS provides capacity, employees, information quickly so that the time and travel costsMeetings. The real-time communications with the OCS Communicator client for instant messaging / LiveMeeting audio or audio / video (PC to PC VoIP and multimedia) or enabled data, along with file transfers, application / screen sharing and a whiteboard seamless communication between staff. These features provide a means of communication to improve the responsiveness, decision making and customer service, business and increase efficiencyProductivity.

Quick response and decision
distributed organizations can get extremely fast with the instant messaging feature, the immediate response to requests helps benefit. The collaboration features of OCS allows a gradual transition from IM conversations to a call for online sharing of data allows for clarification or information. This simple exchange of information through the rapid decision-making.

Provide a better service
One of the most important aspects ofUnified Communications provides a better service to customers, business partners, suppliers, etc. immediate response to requests made through the communication speed in real time, a rewarding experience for customers, suppliers, business partners, etc., the emergency service, a company competitive advantage over other organizations that are still legacy systems such as e-mail. Association with partners, customers and suppliers, allows similar functionality to be available between consentingIt allows companies and users to extend the excellent collaboration features beyond the limits of internal organization, in a controlled, secure environment.

Ease of integration
Microsoft OCS provides for seamless integration with core business applications such as Microsoft Exchange service, Microsoft Office productivity applications, Windows SharePoint Services and Microsoft file sharing application. The online presence including the presence of telephonyUsers can be met by OCS. OCS also allows these employees to other users via the contact on the various IM applications. effective cohesion between the various business applications leads to an effective exchange of information and make decisions more quickly.

Security
Privacy is an important part in the exchange of information. OCS offers a robust platform capable of communication links with business association for the secure and reliable communications between companiesand other organizations. OCS also includes features to protect against viruses and to SPIM (spam over IM). With public IM systems on the corporate network makes companies at risk of attack by SPIM. However, the characteristics of OCS deal effectively with this attack. Security is guaranteed by the sensitive data, while losses can be monitored. Internal calls between two or federated Communicator users are encrypted to ensure that voice traffic can not be recognized and heard of third partyPeople. And as with many Microsoft solutions, administrators have full control and to determine a granular level, what is allowed and what is the feature as a potential security risk.

Hosted OCS solution is a cost-effective way, operating costs, eliminating the need, in infrastructure and new SPLA licensing model, Microsoft's enterprise customers once a month just for the number of licenses used for the end user to pay, while investments that reduce aidPeriod. OCS provides a better platform for communication that employees are better with others in different locations or time zones in which to communicate employee productivity. OCS solution can free up the IT infrastructure that can be used on mission-critical projects.

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Trained Information Security Professionals - the order of the day

According to a survey conducted by Deloitte interviewed more than 50% of the companies listed, a loss of data in June 2005 - June 2006 with approximately 33% of the events that immediately translates into financial losses. It is estimated, reported information security breaches in the U.S. with a rate of one every three days.

Security in Computer Science - A Never Ending War

government sites are the weight of the jet in hacker activity. Recently, the U.S. Department of AgricultureWeb site has been attacked and defaced by cyber-terrorists, a critical personal data of 26,000 employees in the Washington DC area, including names, Social Security numbers and photos stolen.

Even everyday consumers are not sure. encoded in one of the most serious computer crimes of recent times, more than 65,000 users for personal information such as names, addresses, passwords and credit card information was stolen from gaming site Second Life.

It is estimated that consumers andBusiness identity theft contributed to losses of $ 2000000000000 in 2005 (Computerworld).

Perimeter Security - The best defense is a good offense.

In today's world, no company can operate without securing its computers. To protect your system, you must know the methods and tools used by hackers. In short, you must think like a hacker.

IDC estimates that spending on IT security to grow two times faster than Excel, IT spending in the coming year to 116 billion dollars by 2007.Companies in each sector a priority on the protection of data and systems. The growth in these areas is expected that the demand for specialist knowledge of the network, data security and communication of fuel.

Knowledge - the only solution

Appin Knowledge Solutions, Information Security and Ethical Hacking courses have started a technology leader in the technology of information security and ethical hacking course with particular attention to this new field of informationSecurity.

Security in Information Technology course from Appin Knowledge Solutions provide a detailed report on this field - from the basics to advanced topics such as security VPN, BS 7779 procedures, etc. Start up from the end, the focus is on what action Information security is the way to testing the safety and how countermeasures.

The aim of this course is that current trends in information security methods and knowledge of the media. They think "like aHacker approach 'encourages students and vulnerabilities of their networks to the test. Students also learn about intrusion detection, policy creation, social engineering, open source intelligence, incident handling and interpretation of logs.

Whether you are a sysadmin, infosec professional ethical hacker or a computer science student - The course provides all the necessary skill sets to the system and to protect data from illegal extortion. These courses also serve as a springboard fortop certifications such as CISSP, GIAC, CISA, etc.

Learn from the experts in the field of Security in Information Technology: Security in Information Technology & Ethical Hacking Course - Overview

(The course content can vary from course to course)
Module-1

1. Introduction to information security and ethical hacking
Hackers against Cracker, Ethical Hacking Challenges for a hacker

2. Desktop and server security
As the search for security holes?, Windows Security, WindowsSecurity Center Windows Update
3. Viruses, worms, spyware
Introduction of viruses and worms, the methods of distribution, countermeasures such as Norton Anti-Virus

4. LAN Security
Encryption, authentication and VPN, Wireless LAN Policies, Intrusion Detection and Protection

5. Firewall and Security
Types of firewalls, packet filters, proxy gateways, network address translation, intrusion detection

6. Internet Security
Tools and methods to secureagainst Internet threats.

Module-2

1. Collection of information
Detection of TCP port scan, TCP SYN scan scan detection, SYN, SYN / ACK scan, detect SYN / ACK port scan

2. Hacking-1
network infrastructure attacks, attacks, the operating system, applications, and other special attacks, technical attacks, denial of service (DOS), Distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks, key logging, Trojan attacks

Module-3

1.Attach System 2:
Phishing, Phishing attacks, sniffers, detecting sniffer running, stop sniffing attacks.

2. Data Backup
Reasons for data backup, data backup strategies, tools and methods

3. Art of Googling
Terminology, advanced technical research

Form -4

1. Penetration Testing
Definition, methods, basic approaches, the exterior and interior views

2. Criminals arrested

Cyber-terrorism, the forms ofCyber-terrorism, the factors and causes, countermeasures
3. Encryption and Forensics

Introduction to cryptography, private key encryption, public key cryptography, computer forensics, digital evidence.
proactive security measures and policies across networks, desktops and servers are an absolute must. The needs of the moment can be trained information security professionals who care about the function and operation of systems.

The application for a certificateProfessionals is irregular, and very soon become vital for businesses and governments.

If you need a particular region contact information, click here.

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Learn how to get the certification CCDP

If you are a network of other aspects of professional design to refine the skills, then it might be a candidate to become a Cisco Certified Design Professional. This requires the CCDA basic-level certification offered by Cisco CCNA member, I am. CCDP certification is a professional level projected on the latest and most advanced knowledge in network design with your past experience in this area into account. CCDP professionalsto design and develop advanced addressing and routing, IP multicast multilayer complex enterprise architectures, such as VPN and wireless domains, and building scalable internetworks.

To earn CCDP certification exams, you must qualify three architecture in the context of Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks, building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks and Designing Cisco Network Service. These tests are a combination of multiple choice questions,Drag and drop, simulations, etc., and varies depending on the test, the number of questions. This certificate is valid for three years and again himself recertify, either pass through each part of the exam and 642 professional level or any / CcDee CCIE exam by the end of the validity of current certification. This, in turn, automatically extended the CCDP certification active. These tests will be assumed by VUE or Prometric testing centers.

The areas of responsibility of those who have reached CCDPCertification of network infrastructure administrator, infrastructure engineer, network architect and network designer. All these are very well paid jobs and thus see themselves in these roles, you must manage your time efficiently to do the study, the training and practical tests with your work. Since you already have a CCNA and CCDA Certified Professional, you certainly know what it takes to level to associate so certified by Cisco, and what might betake the professional level.

For the CCDP certification is highly recommended that specialized training in CCDP due to the fact that it is subjected to a professional level certification. Free study guides may not be useful, and you might end up wasting money on certification. You can choose a product or course of the various services that will set all kinds of exercises, tests and practical. You can have your success in achieving theCCDP certification for the right choice and work hard.

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CCNA Job Tips - 3 Tips for an effective network engineer

Once you run the CCNA elusive, what is the next step? I'm assuming that you are hard for the certification with the goal to end the difficult job networking studied or maybe that promotion or transfer to a position parallel network specialist. Here are 3 tips to improve your chances of getting a job CCNA.

Hands-on Lab networks and experience of solving problems - there are probably hundreds of thousands of CCNA certified professionalstoday. What is going to set them apart from the rest is pretty much hands on experience. In the past, would be the only way to get that experience, they were already a career in a CCNA network, or to buy the expensive equipment practice. Cisco CCNA with real equipment for your lab is still a good idea, sure, but there are many simulators and emulators that Cisco simply wants the job (the simulator simulates dynamips particular, whether realIOS).

Networking Technology - Know what your potential employer will use the technology is a good idea. Not only use only Cisco networking equipment? How many offices do they have? If you are a corporation, chances are the use of BGP routing between their offices. For a LAN environment, commonly used routing protocols OSPF and EIGRP. Review your knowledge in areas of need before the interview, orask someone who already work there to give a summary of what the technology is in use here. Note that some of this information could be considered a business secret. But if you are not willing to share this information should not be forced, or it can jeopardize any possibility for future employment.

Support Model - Many large companies use the support of the ITIL model for their IT support. They do see a point on it. Many employers place great emphasis on the wayWould respond to a "real life" situation network support. For example, if a client or customer calls and reports that he can not connect, what would you like first? What happens if the "slow network" are reported? What would you like to control, and who would you call? These interview questions usually take the technical capabilities (see point 1) and a good knowledge of IT / network support process. support depending on the type of work (primarily to support a higher level, or purelyLtd.), could be the "right answer" very different.

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How to choose a CRM solution

Today, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) solutions are considered necessary, as one of the most important solutions for business success. They allow you to store and analyze all the data about customers, sales, products and personnel in a central database to determine customer preferences, their purchasing power and loyalty, generate leads and help with marketing, and promotes communication between businesses and between customers and employees of businesses. But there are many CRMThe solutions currently available, which differ from other companies and in particular in the form. This article can help you choose the right CRM solution for lead.

With CRM solutions, there are two popular choices, local or CRM solutions in-house and on-demand CRM solutions and web-based. Solutions on the spot applications are the traditional solution, that have to be purchased and installed by the server to the client computer. On-demand CRM systems on the other side does not include the purchase,they are underwritten by companies for a monthly fee. Both options have advantages and disadvantages, and must be purchased / hired after an evaluation of the case.

On-premise CRM solutions are easy to implement, if your company has sufficient technical expertise, local database to handle all / most of the data, easily implemented with companies with complex infrastructures and, once implemented, the costs are very lower. But the disadvantages are high initial investment of capital investment, the software updateCosts, good technical skills and IT department, slow return on investment and long term.

On-demand CRM solutions require less / no initial investment costs and no internal IT team or high technical expertise, come with free software updates, without offering software maintenance costs, global reach and increased mobility, rapid ROI and a short implementation period. But the disadvantages out-of-the-company database, frequent requests for data transfer in and outvia the Internet, and higher costs in the long run.

What is the choice of a CRM solution includes the expected firm size and growth, business goals, customer data and current practices in relationship management, short-term and long-term investment and benefits, costs staff training and education, data security and backup and marketing products and competition field. The system can meet the following minimum requirements:Compatibility and integration with existing systems, customized to your business needs, an easy to understand and user interface manager, improving business processes, scalability and flexibility, and tools for analysis and planning.

Finding the best paths, a software provider are looking on the internet and ask people to business colleagues about the performance of their system. With CRM solutions, there are high, moderate and low-cost solutions prices. Many companies appealthat their systems are loaded with many undesirable properties, and for what pay. To ensure that the best system, that with all the standard features and additional features that you charge. The best way to analyze the performance of a CRM solution is a clear track for a while in power. In general it is better to choose an on-premise solution, if you have a large company with many employees, and it is better to choose an on-demand, if youa small or medium sized companies with fewer employees.

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Basic setup tutorial for the Cisco ASA 5510 Firewall

Continuing our series of articles on the Cisco ASA 5500 firewall, I offer here a basic setup tutorial for the Cisco ASA 5510 security appliances. This unit is the second model series ASA (ASA 5505, 5510, 5520, etc.) and is very popular, as it was designed for small and medium-sized. As the smallest model, the 5510 ASA 5505 provides two models of licensing options: The basic license and the Security Plus license The second (more security), providesdifferent hardware and performance improvements to the basic license, as up to 130,000 firewall connections (instead of 50,000), 100 VLAN maximum (instead of 50), redundancy, failover, etc. In addition, the Security Plus license enables two of the five ports Firewall network instead of just working as 10/100/1000 10/100.

Then you will see a simple scenario of Internet access, help us to understand the basic steps required to set up the 5510th ASA Suppose we have assigned a static public IP address100.100.100.1 address from our ISP. It also includes the internal LAN subnet 192.168.10.0/24. Interface Ethernet0 / 0 is connected with the outside (ISP) and Ethernet0 / 1 is the internal LAN switch to connect.

The firewall is configured to obtain IP addresses dynamically (DHCP) to provide guests with interiors. All communications from it (from outside) will be translated as Port Address Translation (PAT) on the external public. Let usPart of the configuration steps required for this baseline scenario:

Step 1: Set a password to enter privileged level (password)

By default, no password to access the ASA firewall, the first step before anything else is a privileged level password is required to access later you can configure the device. Configure this in configuration mode:

ASA5510 (config) # enable password MySecretPassword

Step 2: Configure the publicexternal interface

ASA5510 (config) # interface Ethernet0 / 0

ASA5510 (config-if) # nameif outside

ASA5510 (config-if) # security-level 0

ASA5510 (config-if) # ip address 100.100.100.1 255 255 255 252

ASA5510 (config-if) # no shutdown

Step 3: Configure the trusted internal interface

ASA5510 (config) # interface Ethernet0 / 1

ASA5510 (config-if) # nameif inside

ASA5510 (config-if) # security-level 100

ASA5510 (config-if) # ip address 192.168.10.1255.255.255.0

ASA5510 (config-if) # no shutdown

Configuring PAT on outside interface: Step 4

ASA5510 (config) # global (outside) 1 interface

ASA5510 (config) # nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0

Step 5: Set the default route to the ISP (eg 100.100.100.2 Default Gateway)

ASA5510 (config) # route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 100.100.100.2 outside a

Step 6: Configure the firewall to the internal IP address and DNS to be allocated to hosts via DHCP

ASA5510 (config) # dhcpd dns200.200.200.10

ASA5510 (config) # dhcpd address in 192.168.10.10-192.168.10.200

ASA5510 (config) # dhcpd enable inside

The configuration on the surface is just the beginning for the production of the device in operation. There are many more configuration options, you must implement these lists to increase the security of your network, such as static and dynamic NAT, Access Control, control traffic flow, DMZ, VPN, etc.

Visit my website in my box of income belowMore information about Cisco products and solutions. You can also learn how to configure here, all the Cisco ASA 5500 firewall (for all models with ASA software versions 7.x and 8.x).

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Apple TV and Roku Which wireless router for better streaming

Apple TV and Roku are two devices that are used for streaming high definition (HD) video, movies, TV shows, photos and more wirelessly to an HDTV and connect to your wireless environment and can connect to the Internet. With the Internet connection, you can rent HD movies and TV programs on a widescreen HDTV and you can also use the HD streaming media from your computer. To connect the Apple TV and Roku wirelessly to the Internet, you need a wireless environment with the wireless router or wireless TVRouter for streaming as the heart of the wireless network. The issue is that the wireless router is best for Apple TV and Roku?

First, you need to know what the technical data of both Apple TV and Roku, in particular wireless data. Apple TV is run by the 802.11n technology with support for dual-band 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz band While Roku is only 2.4 GHz Band support (but the version XDS supports dual-band) with 802.n technology. Both are compatible with the802.11g standard. Also enter a 10/100 Ethernet port for wired network connection instead of wireless.

The streaming feature, your TV is a high performance Wireless Router, a wireless router for streaming HD media and the regular game is designed.

A wireless router for streaming video should be able to access high-speed connections and less interference from all types of signal attenuator. The wireless router should TVwith the latest 802.11n wireless technology and with the addition of the MIMO antenna technology is suitable for high speed and are equipped to provide more extensive.

wireless network to work in 2.4, is vulnerable to interference from other wireless devices in the home including microwave, baby monitor system, cordless phone, etc. Therefore, the signal, the wireless router should support 5GHz band - a dual -band version of the wireless router. With the support band 5 GHz wireless network is clean- Less interference.

The other function, more must be the router, the wireless multimedia-based quality of service (QoS WMM). WMM can offer quality of service to prioritize wireless video and gaming traffic over other traffic. Thus, the lag-free video and gaming, jitter-free.

The following are router Wi-Fi for streaming, technology-driven wireless 802.11n dual-band and a plus-WMM QoS. This wireless routers TVIdeal to support the Apple TV and Roku player XD.

Apple Extreme Base Station

Apple Airport Extreme Base Station is ideal for Apple TV. Do not argue, do you agree with me because I'm from the same manufacturer - Apple. Not only that, AirPort Extreme, which work with your iPod, iPad, iPhone and other Apple products. Apple Airport is served by the latest 802.11n wireless technology with the current and is compatible with 802.11b / g. It 's a dual band router that supports both 2.4and 5 GHz frequency bands. XD Roku player only supports the 2.4 GHz band (XDS supports dual-band), which is OK, you can connect to the Airport Extreme as the router supports dual-band simultaneously.

Airport Extreme is also supported by Smart MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antenna technology to transmit multiple data streams simultaneously function for faster performance and greater range.

Another important feature to help with your home network router includes a USB port. This USB port, you can share the external disk storage to be accessible by users on the network and accessible via the Internet safely. Or you can connect a USB printer and configure it accessible to all users. The good thing with the USB port is that it is external disk and USB printer to simultaneously connect using a USB hub.

Cisco-Linksys E3000 High-Performance Wireless-N Router

> E3000 Cisco-Linksys router is a high performance for gaming and video streaming, the Roku is ideal for your Apple TV o. The router is powered with the latest 802.11n wireless technology offers speeds up to 300Mbps (in ideal conditions) and is also the dual-band support for 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz simultaneously.

The E-3000 includes a USB port that can be used for distributing external disk storage with users on the local network or the Internet via a secure server. The routerincludes a built-in UPnP AV Media Server can stream video and other multimedia content to a PS3 compatible with Xbox 360, or other devices. For the cable connection, you can 4xGigabit port Gigabit Ethernet-enabled devices to another, such as computers, servers, workstations and other high-speed. You can also join the WNDR37AV Dual Band Wireless-N Gigabit Router, compatible DLNA.

With Grinsing Ki

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Exam 642-583: Details on security solutions for the System Engineer exam

Exam 642-583 is one of the warmest reviews of Cisco and the name of the test, security solutions for technical systems. This certification is valid candidate knowledge and skills in the field of Cisco security products and product positioning and the determination of the technology which is part of collaborative and secure network design, integration. This test is best for candidates who work as system engineers in organizations (eachLevel). The additional knowledge and skills in this study are VPN, IPS / IDS, Cisco Security Appliance (CSA), Cisco and IronPort ScanSafe Web security, security management, and CS-MARS.

Exam Objectives:

The following are the 642-583 exam project. The problems mentioned here for the latest update released by Cisco to test this. Arguments can also be subject to the current trend to change. The changes that are readyExam, Cisco will be published and web site recommending candidates for the test to check the Cisco Web site at regular intervals before the application for.

• the formation of policies in security technologies and threats.
• Identification of most modern security checks on them to modern threats.
• To protect the network infrastructure and solutions.
• products to mitigate threats and Internet access businessSolutions.
• The products subject to hedge against the company to reduce data center services and the threats and solutions development.
• Products for the coverage to mitigate against threats and unified business communications solutions.
• Products for the coverage to mitigate against the company's security solutions, WAN.
• products to coverage provided to society and to facilitate remote access solutions.
• Products for the coverage to mitigate against the secure remote access and wireless LAN solutions company.
•Designing an enterprise security management solutions using the Cisco Security Management Products
• Sales of security solutions anywhere.

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Find Small Business Value of IT service providers use to manage

It 'been a steady increase in the Management Service Provider (MSP), which offers an all-in-one IT support for small businesses, particularly attractive because they reduce the work could be anywhere, was no exception. Smart entrepreneurs who are alert to new technologies remains is to find MSP can offer the same level, if not better than an IT person in-house IT support at much lower costs. For example, in the markets of a small business should expect to budget $ 120,000 for an on-siteIT person per year salary, benefits and training. This is not the cost of additional suppliers and consultants are the upcoming projects and to facilitate the person on the spot can not have the skills to manage their own is a daunting task, but not so for some that MSP can draw from a pool of engineers specialized in various fields of IT, as well as have the means.

A small business requires a large amount of capital to build its own IT department, only the cost ofSoftware, servers, computers, printers can start networking equipment and IP phones, a huge CAPEX for a small company, not the annual cost of maintaining the network operating system at a reasonable level that does not hinder the productivity, ' efficiency and the term customer service.

Regular updates of hardware and software life cycle management of a business and, if not done routinely missed the rim, an organization in today's market is. Maintain hardware andcan software to the latest versions and revisions of a communications network to a service provider managing a business plan to save up to 50% of the cost of procedures. Most MSPs offer a fixed rate plan includes software updates and hardware replacement on which it runs. The advantages are the MSP will know most of the time and have already completed the upgrade before the end user knows that there is an update. Small Business is the complete management of the service provider modelbecause the potential, the offer to manage the service provider, can help to reduce their activity and energy waste while protecting the global environment.

A business can reduce carbon footprint by using a managed service provider. Computer hardware, including servers and UPS, which are normally found in internal IT operations tend to consume much power. Going with an MSP, server hardware and replaced with the UPS data center to MSP. Typically, only one monitor,Keyboard, mouse, and thin-client computer at very low wattage is required for each desktop user. The more energy-efficient data center operates through its deployment project to combine their resources to more than one company at a time, the servers are not needed because companies are increasingly common. Find out if your MSP to use ENERGY STAR.

* Here is what is generally expected to make a move on the MSP Cloud for a small business.

(* This is notinterpreted as an order of procedures in those companies moving to Cloud Computing)

The MSP wants to do an analysis. This requires a well thought out site inspections and auditing services and dial-up Internet and other records of expenses have been incurred in previous purchases.
A plan for implementation.
To understand the challenges of the business and technological application of the relevant companies that contribute to success.
Interview users, this is a good time to correctall had fallen short and may have old IT Plan.
Move all corporate data, applications, e-mail, etc. .. about the cloud as a continuous activity, as you can. This is usually when the shop is closed on evenings and weekends.
Coordination with the ISPs and phone companies for any changes to the services they provide to you required. The phones and Internet access is likely that after performing all data centers and an MSP to be addedmonthly bill.
Installing IP phones, voice mail, e-mail integration, video surveillance, the printer and the paging
User training
The latest operating system on workstations (thin client).
Politics of contact for service support and a clear understanding on response times in the service about the rule. 30 minutes of reaction time to make a service call.

For more information about Net Services Utility Computing is available on the company website at:http://netservices1.com/services/cloud-utility-computing ...

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Book affordable services to more than one way

If your business is too small to handle accounting functions afford permanent staff, both the object itself or a third party. Since most are often too busy to do so, the extra work to be the straw that breaks the camel's back. booking service purchased through the involvement of third parties, can be easily obtained by the time you know where to look and everything.

Many accounting firms and individuals offering online services with their accounts Customers can send the relevant documents, such as digitized images or fax. Trained as an accountant then accesses the customer's computer via a secure connection over the Internet and update the books of the client software. Alternatively, a copy of the client's books is a side view held by the seller. Updates are in this series of books cited. After the completion of customer loads some books to their localComputer. This eliminates the risk of security breaches from external sources. Appointments can be made, with the updating of service records are carried out simultaneously for the client 's not hours to avoid conflicts of access similar to the professionals.

Alternatively, the customer can choose, let the service provider to host and maintain the accounting software on his computer. If the provider does not offer hosting services, the software is on the accounting softwarelocal suppliers. After receipt and confirmation of documents, client passes the copy to the vendor to update the books. The customer can view the software updates over the Internet. The decision of one of these online accounting services reduces the need to purchase and maintain computer equipment, software, run the accounting department. If the books on the site of the software vendor will conduct a further saving for the purchase of software and maintenanceachieved.

Accounting has certainly come a long way. The above serves the small business a number of options for accommodation booking service at affordable prices.

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The conversion from Windows to iMac - a story told Needs

Finally, after twenty years working with Windows, I decided to take the plunge and upgrade to new iMac from Apple Computer. I had no legitimate reason for the change, but after years of negotiations, such as Apple has made Windows look anemic, I decided it was time for me to see what should have been.

I did my homework before buying an iMac. The biggest challenge was, I tried to protect my investment in Windows software that I used in my work and personal life. I researched theseveral ways to run Windows on Mac OS, and VMware has decided that it was my best option. VMware you can run a guest operating system (eg Windows) in a host operating system (eg Mac OS). I also discovered that I needed a bootable copy of Windows sales. My current computer does not have a bootable copy of Windows ship. It 'was a photo on a disk partitioned. So I could not load in VMware. I decided to buy Windows 7 Ultra Edition. My last software was purchased,be EyeTV, cable TV interface unit that connects to a USB port on the iMac. My current Windows machine had installed a TV interface. I liked the TV in the privacy of my office and I did not want to stop.

I bought the iMac 27 "i7 with 8 gigabytes of RAM from a local computer retailer. It 'was double the price of a comparable Windows machine. This gave me a break, but I decided to make the jump anyway. The staff was young, educated, experienced in Mac, but have notTalk of Windows. Mac I do not speak in a foreign country. I decided it would be better if I had studied on their own, the questions I had.

I started my conversion activities by collecting all the software and drivers (eg network printers), I had to maintain and / or upgrade my Windows machine. Then I moved all my Windows files containing personal data (including Outlook e-mail files) on my network drive. At the same time, I moved the files I also cleaned out the folderStructures. This was something I had promised myself to do for a long time. I finally got my entire Windows computer. I did it because I was practically de-install all the Windows software and without a recovery strategy, I would be vulnerable to a break in my work.

I got my new iMac at home and quickly set it up. There are only three parts: a 27-inch monitor (system drive included), a wireless keyboard and wireless mouse. I found it a bit 'difficult, the on / off button, a wire is in the back. However, if on my iMac has done a good job on the definition, positioning my home network connection, and it is.

I had no experience with the iMac, the Internet browser Safari, so I will only be used to download and install Firefox, the internet browser of choice. Then I downloaded and installed all the drivers for the devices I needed. The resistance and the model of iMac drop for the installation of software is a welcome and pleasantSurprise. I was even more surprised when it is run my network printer and scanner to my network without problems. I felt a warm thrill of satisfaction.

The whole time I was downloaded and installed, I was with the iMac without the user taking advantage of the tutorial. I found the keyboard difficult to use. It 's too small for me, not the layout I'm used to it. Secondly, I found the iMac dock the application menu bar (egFile, Edit, etc.) to the top of the screen a bit 'annoying. In Windows, the application menu bar at the top of the window is docked. Neither were great disadvantages, but after a few hours make the wrong button, I decided that I have a full size keyboard that I bought needed the next day.

My final challenge was the installation of VMware, Windows 7, and the software that I needed to run under Windows. I installed VMware and Windows 7, I was amazed at how quickly andthe trouble was. Finally, I got all the software on my computer and install Windows under VMware. MS Office 2007 Professional, Mindjet MindManager, Cisco Network Magic Professional 8 and Adobe have been great, and they all installed without problems. I found it odd that all the software functions correctly and that all the devices work. Cisco Network Magic also seemed pleased with the new agreement. I deserve this VMWARESuccess.

I felt pretty sure of myself at this point and so I decided to buy and install Office 2008 for Mac I wanted my change from caterpillar to butterfly to begin as soon as possible. I downloaded and installed Office 2008 without problems and tried it. I discovered it was more like MS Office 2003 MS Office 2007. Then came the biggest disappointment. This was not a MS-Access in Office 2008 and MS Outlook has been replaced by Entourage.

I looked through Entourageand I thought I could live with him and was looking for ways to import MS Outlook PST file. I ran into a roadblock here as big as Entourage does not directly import MS Outlook 2007 data. I did a search on the internet but could not find conversion software that meets my needs. I was finally forced to install MS Outlook on my Windows VMWARE, what did not, and fill it with my PST file. They are currently waiting for MS-Outlook with Entourage store and forward. I hadupload my contacts from my Blackberry in Entourage. I still can not believe that Microsoft has something similar happen in their own product line allowed.

The last piece of software I installed EyeTV and then I found the easy installation and the TV works fine.

The conversion is now complete and my Windows computer is connected. Finally, I found the overall experience was good conversion. Finally, the port used for the iMacand probably 75% of my work on Mac OS. However, I still have the issue of cost (about U.S. $ 3,500) and are still looking for greater productivity.

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Importer of security deposit as SaaS

Obsolete and invalid Led by a $ 5,000 filer will result in penalties against the importer for any events. Have control over your applications ISF (importer is also the Filer) eliminates the uncertainties and possible sanctions and control your contributions ISF.

With the SaaS platform for Netwin GTKonnect ISF, you get a secure platform for the presentation of all transactions ISF U.S. Customs. This not only gives you full control over your presentation ISF, but also offerswith valuable cost savings, as is the need for third-party services for the application. Check prices for our pricing options and contact us today for a demo and learn how to take control of your applications ISF.

Q: As an ISF filer, what does this mean for me?
A: A secure web portal where you can make your entire contribution ISF online without the need for the security of your data and administration.

Q: What kind of infrastructure and managementI need to use this platform?
A: All you need is a PC with Internet connection as all the infrastructure and management is provided by Netwin. Customers do not need any server or other software license, with the exception of the solution of ISF.

Q: I am not interested in using a hosted solution. I have a choice?
A: Yes, GTKonnect ISF can be deployed as an installed application to run behind the firewall

Q: How is my data separately from the otherUsers of the system?
A: Each customer has its own database ISF, whose access is controlled by user profile set-up. So there is absolutely no chance of a customer to access data from another customer.

Q: How can I transfer my costumes ISF?
A: All your data will be transmitted to the Customs Tariff ISF authorities via a secure VPN tunnel that the U.S. guarantees the security of your data, and quick response to your presentations

Q: In this economy, I can notAfford to pay in advance to all software license. What are my options?
A: Do not worry, it offers a flexible option price for transactions Netwin GTKonnect ISF

Q: Our transaction volumes vary and can not afford the uncertainty of a pricing operation. What should I do?
A: You can GTKonnect ISF licensing for a fixed annual license.

Q: customs rules are constantly changing. How can I be sure my system is up?
A: We have been in customs mattersbusiness software for over 20 years and understand the dynamics of the sector. Our product team constantly monitors the changes in our product and kept up to date with any changes.

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Internet Connection Sharing in Windows XP

This article explains in detail how to configure a small network at home, so you can share your Internet connection between two computers running Windows XP.

Internet connection sharing between two computers running Windows XP

Connect the first computer (server) to test the Internet connection and to ensure proper operation. Then click on Start -> Control Panel -> double click Network Connections -> right-click the Internet connectionand select Properties. Click the Advanced tab and then select the Allow other network users to connect through this connection to the internet via computer.

They have the option Allow other users to control or disable the shared Internet connection is disabled or enabled depending on your preference. Click OK.

To connect to the Internet, you need the main computer network (server) with another computer (client) - this canmade with cross-over cable between two PC network cards'.

The configuration of the client - on the second PC, open the Control Panel -> double click Network Setup Wizard -> click Next -> Next again on the next screen, select This computer connects to the Internet through another computer on the network or through a residential weekend.

If your computer has more than one connection to choose Let me choose the connections to myNetwork, click Next and then select Connect to configure the desired (this is the connection between two PCs) and complete the wizard (if you are prompted to enter a computer description and name of the computer and the working group - this should be the same on both computers - MSHOME default). After finishing the wizard, click the port and select Properties -> select Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) and click on "Properties" -> surethat the IP address automatically and DNS server address automatically are selected.

Restart both computers.

Troubleshooting. If you followed the instructions and still can not share the connection, follow these steps.

On the client computer on the Start button -> Run -> cmd and press OK. In the command prompt:
ping 192.168.0.1 and press Enter.

You should see something similar on the screenmeans that the computers are connected. When you get ping request could not find host ... or a similar message that the two computers are not connected - in the case of a cable connection ensures that the cables are connected properly and that connects with the right cable (crossover cable).

On the main PC (server), open the Control Panel -> double click Network Connections -> right-click the network connection (a connection cablethe two PCs) and select Properties -> select Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) and click the Properties button. Click on the following IP address and enter the IP address: 192.168.0.1 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0, leave the default week-end in white. Select the addresses of DNS servers, but after his release.

For your second PC (client), open the Control Panel -> double click Network Connections - right click> the network connection (which connects the two PCs) andselect Properties -> select Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) and click the Properties button. Click on the following IP address and enter the IP address: 192.168.0.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0, default 192.168.0.1 weekend select the following server addresses DNS and enter 192.168.0.1 for the first and let the second blank.

Restart and your computer.

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Cisco routing protocol - basic stuff

CCNA Routing

Layer 3 devices are generically referred to as routers. The router has two basic functions:

1. To find a path to a level 3 destination network
2. In order to get packets from one interface to another of a packet to its destination

To achieve the first function, a router, you should:

- The experience is more connected through the network router to know that they know
- Find places of destination network numbers
- Select abest route to each destination
- Maintain contact with the most updated routing information to destination networks

Types of routes

static and dynamic: A router can be a way to meet one of two methods. A static route is a route that is manually configured on the router. Dynamic routes are routes that a router learns a routing protocol. routing protocols are run over distances from other adjacent routers to learn the same routingProtocol.

Administrative distance

Remote Administration classifies IP routing protocols, assign a value or weight of any protocol. Distances, 0-255 range. A smaller gap is more credible by a router is the best and the worst position 0, 255

Static route configuration

Router (config) # ip route destination_network_ # [subnet_mask] IP_address_of_next_hop_neighbor
[Administrative_distance]
or
Router (config) # ip routedestination_network_ # [subnet_mask] interface_to_exit [administrative_distance]

Default Route Configuration

A default route is a special type of static route.Where a static route is a route using a router to reach a goal should be, there is a default route using a route for the router if you do not know how to reach the goal should .

Router (config) # ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 IP_address_of_next_hop_neighbor [administrative distance]
O
Router (config) # ipinterface_to_exit route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [administrative_distance]

Dynamic routing protocols

networks to learn dynamic routing protocols in use from neighboring routers. The dynamic routing protocols in one of three categories: distance vector, link state and hybrid. Because of the differences between different types of routing protocol has advantages and disadvantages of each.

Distance Vector Protocols

distance vector protocols are the simplest. Distance Vector Protocolsrouting protocols use distance and direction (vector) to find the paths to the destinations. Most distance vector protocols use the Bellman-Ford algorithm for finding ways to network destinations. Some examples of IP routing protocols RIPv1 and IGRP are distance vector. distance vector protocols periodically broadcasts a local destination IP address of 255.255.255.255 to share routing information.

Processing Updates

If a protocol receives a distance vectorRouting update before it:

1. Improve the metrics of incoming routes in advertising (for the IP
RIP, add between 1 and the number of hops).
2. Compare the line numbers in the next routing update from
to what the router has in its routing table.
3. If the information on the next best is to put in the routing table, and remove the old entry.
4. If the information on the next is worse to ignore.
5. If the neighbor is exactly the informationthe same element in the table, the timer for the entry in the routing table (in other words, the router already learned in this way from near the same).
6. If the information on the next is another way to a destination network unknown, but with the same metric as the existing network in the routing table, routing table of the router with the old. This means that did not exceed the maximum number of equal-cost paths to this destinationNetwork number.

The six points are commonly known as the Bellman-Ford algorithm.

Link state protocols

Link state protocols use an algorithm called the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm invented by Dijkstra, to determine the best way to find a target. Examples of link-state protocols include IP OSPF. While the distance vector protocols use local broadcasts to disseminate information routing, link state protocols use multicast. A routing protocol sends its distanceTable religiously their regular intervals, whether or not change. link state protocols are more intelligent. They called a multicast Link State Advertisement (LSA), a piece of routing information that originates contains advertising and what is the network number. LSAs are usually generated only when there are changes in the network. link-state router sends only incremental updates. Advantage of link-state protocols are distance vector protocolsthat support classless routing path [VLSM].

Hybrid protocols

A hybrid protocol takes the advantages of both protocols distance vector and link-state and combines them into a new protocol. In general, protocols based on a hybrid distance vector protocol, but they contain many of the features and benefits of link-state protocols. Examples of protocols include hybrid RIPv2, EIGRP.

Problems with distance vector protocols

Problem: Convergence

The concept of convergence,Routing conditions, refers to the time to understand all the routers on the current network topology. Link state protocols tend to converge very rapidly, while the distance vector protocols converge curtain slowly.

Solution: Update On

In reality there are two solutions that is used to accelerate the convergence can: on the periodic interval timer and / or use of updates.

Problem: routing loop

A routing loop is a loop of 3 Layer on the network.Basically, there is a difference of opinion on how to achieve a target network. Packet loops in the network.
Solution: The maximum number of hops: set the default IP RIP, a hop count limit of 15, and provides a hop count of IGRP 100

Solution: Split Horizon

Split Horizon is used with small rings of routing. The States Split horizon that, if a neighbor sends a path to a router, the router does not propagate in this way already in the router advertisements on the sameInterface.

Solution: Route Poisoning

While Split Horizon is used to solve small problems loop distance vector routing protocols use two mechanisms to deal with major problems of routing loops in conflict: the timers and route poisoning hold. Route poisoning is a derivative of split-horizon. When a router detects that a failed in its related services, poison the router on a path by assigning infinite metric. In IP-RIP, the route is assigned a hop count of 16 (15 is theMaximum), which makes a network unreachable.

When a router announces a balanced path for its neighbors, its neighbors, the rule of split horizon and poisoned break his back to the sender of the same route, called poison reverse. This will ensure that everyone has received the poisoned route update the original.

Hold-down Timer

For the router enough time to spread the poison and the route to ensure that no routing loops occurring during replication takes place, theRouters implement a mechanism for hold-down. During this time, the router will block the path poisoned in their routing tables for the period of the hold-down timer to update the typically three times the length of the routing program. 180 sec's

RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

IP RIP (Routing Information Protocol), available in two versions: 1 and 2 Version 1 is a distance vector protocol. Version 2 is a hybrid protocol. RIPv1 broadcasts used to share local routingInformation. These updates are regularly found in nature, which by default every 30 seconds with a hold-down period of 180 seconds. Both versions of RIP hops as a metric to use, it is not always the best metric. RIPv1 is a classful protocol. Another interesting feature is that RIP supports up to six equal cost paths to a single target. The default value is actually four ways, but this can be increased up to a maximum of six.

RIPv2

A significant improvement is RIPv2As in the case of routing updates. Instead of programs, RIPv2 uses multicast. And speed up the convergence RIPv2 supports triggered updates when a change occurs, a RIPv2 router immediately propagate routing information to its neighbors connected. A second important extension, RIPv2 is that he is a classless protocol. RIPv2 supports variable length subnet masking (VLSM), which you can use more than one subnet mask for a certain class of networkNumber.

Configuring IP RIP

Router (config) # router rip
Router (config-router) # network IP_network_
Specify RIP version 1 and 2
Router (config) # router rip
Router (config-router) # version 1 | 2
Troubleshooting IP RIP
Show IP Protocols
show ip route
debug ip rip
debug ip rip

IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

The Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is a proprietary Cisco routing protocol for IP. As IP RIPv1 is aDistance Vector Protocol. However, it is best to scale from RIP because these benefits:

- It uses a sophisticated metric based on bandwidth and delay.
- It uses triggered updates to speed convergence.
- Supports load balancing of a difference in cost for a single objective. IGRP uses a composite metric of bandwidth,, delay, reliability, load, MTU, and includes the selection of routes to a destination. By default, the algorithm uses only the bandwidth and delay

IP ConfigurationIGRP

Router (config) # router IGRP autonomous_system_ #
Router (config-router) # network IP_network_

Unlike RIP, IGRP understand the concept of an autonomous system, and requires that you configure the routing process in autonomous system. For routers to share routing information must be in the same AS.

Load Balancing

With RIP, you do not need something to allow equal-cost load balancing and configuring RIP does not support unequal cost load balancing.IGRP supports both equal and unequal cost paths for load balancing a single destination. equal cost paths by default, where IGRP supports up to six equal-cost paths (four standard) to a single destination in the IP routing table. IGRP, but also supports equal-cost paths, but this feature is disabled by default.

The function allows equal variance and unequal cost routes IGRP routing tables.

Router (config-router) # varianceMultiplier
Troubleshooting IP IGRP
Show IP Protocols
show ip route
IGRP debug ip events
IGRP debugging ip

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is a treatment protocol for link-state routing of IP traffic. Because it is based on an open standard, OSPF is very popular in many enterprise networks today, and has many benefits, including:

- Will run on most routers, as it has an open baseStandard.
- You use the SPF algorithm developed by Dijkstra, provide a ring topology.
- Provides fast convergence triggered by incremental updates via Link State Advertisements (LSA).
- It 's a classless protocol, allowing a hierarchical design with VLSM and route summarization.

Taking into account the benefits, OSPF does not have its share of disadvantages:

- OSPF operates three types of tables. So you need more memory, holding close to the (list of OSPFNeighbors), topology (a link-state database of all routers and their routes), and the routing tables.
- The development of additional CPU to the SPF algorithm, which therefore requires especially when for the first time since the router and that is before starting the construction of the tables in the neighborhood and the topology is performed.
- For large networks, it requires careful planning to break the network into a hierarchical adequate conception of the separation of the routers in different areas.
- It 's too complexconfigure and difficult to resolve.

Hierarchical Design: Areas

The surfaces are used to provide hierarchical routing. Basically spaces to control when and how the routing information to be shared on the network. In the flat network designs, such as IP RIP, if a change occurs on a router, maybe a path problem flapping, each router across the network. To be with a hierarchical network properly designed, these changes in a single room contents.OSPF implements a two-level hierarchy: the backbone (area 0) and the areas of the spine. With proper designs IP addressing, you should be able to summarize the routing information between areas. The implementation of this synthesis, the routers have (taken together, have only links in a separate area and routes) has a smaller topology database and routing tables are smaller (who know only their skills, courses Travel and summaries).

metrical structure

UnlikeRIP, the hop count is used as a metric that OSPF uses cost. The cost is actually the inverse of the bandwidth of a connection: The faster the connection, the lower the cost. The most favorite is the lowest cost. Through the use of cost as a metric OSPF will choose a more intelligent RIP. OSPF load balancing up to six equal cost paths to support a single target. The standard size that Cisco uses to calculate the cost metric: cost = 10 ^ 8 / (interfaceBandwidth).

Router ID

Each router in an OSPF network must have a unique ID. The ID is used to provide a unique identity, the router OSPF. This is included in each OSPF messages generated by the router. The router ID is selected from one of the following criteria:

- The highest IP address on its loop back interfaces (This is a logical interface on a router)
- The highest IP address on its active interfaces

It is strongly recommended to use a cyclethis interface, because it is always active, and the router can get a router ID.

Find Neighbors

OSPF learns its neighbors and is expanding its neighborhood and topology through the exchange of LSAs tables. There are different types of LSA. If learning about the neighbors that a router, and neighbors intentions known is connected OSPF router LSAs hi every 10 seconds. If a neighbor is discovered, and formed a neighborhood with neighbors, waiting for a routerHello to see messages from the neighboring country. If a neighbor within the dead time interval, the default values for 40 seconds, the neighbor is declared dead. If this happens, the router LSA this information through a message, advertise to other routers OSPF neighbors. A two routers become neighbors, the router next to each game:

- The number and type of area
- The hello and dead interval timers

We say that is enabled on all routerssimultaneously on a segment. In this case, through the OSPF router is called the process of exchange of three states:

1. Down was the new router has exchanged information with any other OSPF router.
2. Init state has received a new router A destination router Hello and adds them to its neighbor list (on the assumption that certain values are the same). Note that only one-sided communication, at this point.
3. State two ways of the new router will have a one-way response to hishello first package and adds the destination router for the next database. Once the router is a two-way typed as they are considered neighbors. At this point there is a local election process to elect the designated router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR).

Designated and backup designated routers

An OSPF router will not form adjacencies on any router. Instead, client / server design OSPF is implemented. For each network, multi-access segment,there is a DR and BDR as well as other routers. When an OSPF router may arise form adjacencies with the DR and the BDR on each multi-access segment, which is attached. Any exchange of routing information between routers / DR and BDR other OSPF neighbors on a segment (and vice versa). An OSPF router talking to a DR with the multicast IP address of 224.0.0.6. The DR and BDR is all routers to the multicast IP address 224.0.0.5.

The router with the OSPFhighest priority is the DR for the segment. If there is a tie, the router with the highest router ID will be the DR. By default, all routers have a priority of 1 (priority 0-255). If the DR fails, the BDR is promoted to DR and select another router as BDR. OSPF use incremental updates. This means that when a change is taking place, the only change to the DR, which share this information is then shared with other routers along the path. OSPF routers shareInformation on routes connected to the DR, the type of link-state includes the ID of the router advertisement, the advertised link cost and the serial number of the link.

Configuring OSPF

Router (config) # router OSPF process_ID
Router (config-router) # network ip_address area wildcard_mask area_ #

Note that you do not have the process ID of different routers and who agree to do anything with numbers, autonomous system.

A wildcard32 bits long. A 0 in a bit position means that there must be a game, and a 1 in position a little 'do not care about the router. In reality, a wildcard mask an inverted subnet mask, turned on the 1 and 0.

Class A: 0,255,255,255,255
Class B: 0.0.255.255
Class C: 0.0.0.255

Loopback

A loopback interface is a logical, virtual interface on a router. By default, the router no loopback interface, but can be easily created. Here are someReasons why you might want to create a loopback interface:

- To make a router ID for an OSPF router
- To use for testing purposes, since this interface is always

To create a loopback interface, use the following command:

Router (config) # interface loopback # Port_
Router (config-if) # ip address IP_address subnet_mask

Troubleshooting OSPF

• show ip protocols
• show ip route
• show ip interface OSPF
• show ip OSPF neighbor
•debug ip ospf adj
• debug ip OSPF events
• debug ip packet OSPF

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

The Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a proprietary Cisco routing protocol for IP. It's actually based on IGRP, built with many improvements in it. Some of these features:

- Fast convergence
- Loop-free topology
- VLSM and route summarization
- Multicast and incremental updates
- Pathways tomost routing protocols (supports IP, IPX, Apple Talk)

Features of EIGRP

Both provide load balancing across six lanes (equal or unequal).

- They have similar structures metrics.
- EIGRP has led to a faster convergence (updates and storing a neighbor
Routing table on the spot).
- EIGRP network has less overhead because it uses incremental updates.

EIGRP and IGRP in the same metrical structure. Both can be bandwidth, delay, reliability, and MTU, ifCalculating a way better metric to a destination. By default, only bandwidth and delay in the metric calculation can be used. An interesting point of these protocols is that if you do some networking and router running EIGRP, IGRP, and both have the same number of autonomous system, routing information is automatically shared between the two.

EIGRP uses the Distribution Update Algorithm (DUAL) to update the routing table. This algorithm is very fastConvergence of storing routing information of a neighbor in a local topology table. If a primary path in the routing table, take a backup of the dual path topology and routing table to table without necessarily linked to other neighboring EIGRP routers discussion of an alternative route to your destination.

Interaction with other EIGRP router

EIGRP use hello packets to discover and maintain neighbor relationships, like OSPF does. EIGRP createshello packets every 5 seconds on the LAN, point to point and multipoint on a speed T1/E1 speeds. Otherwise, greetings are generated every 60 seconds. The range of deaths is three times the hello interval. EIGRP uses multicast address 224.0.0.10 to the destination in the Hello packets.

For routers to become EIGRP neighbors must meet the following:

- The number of AS
- The value of K (the activation and deactivation of various metricsComponents)

If two routers to decide whether to become neighbors, they go through the following steps:

1. The first router generates a hello with configuration information.
2. If the match of the configuration data, the second router responds with an update message with topology information.
3. The first router responds with an ACK message acknowledging the receipt of the ACK of the second.
4. The first router sends its topology router on a second oneUpdate message.
5. The second router responds with an ACK back.

At this point, the two routers are converging.

The types of messages for which a router waits for an EIGRP ACK:

- Update contains a routing update
- Query asks a neighbor to validate the routing information
- Responding to an inquiry response message

If there is an EIGRP router receiving an ACK from these three types of packets, the router will process 16 timesInformation. Thereafter, the router declares dead the next. When a router sends a hello packet, the corresponding ACK is not expected.

Configuring EIGRP

Setting EIGRP is almost as easy as configuring IGRP:

Router (config) # router EIGRP autonomous_system_ #
Router (config-router) # network IP_network_

You need the number as when configuring EIGRP. Although EIGRP is classless, it is necessary
Configuration protocol as classful in the indication of its networkNumbers with the command network.

Troubleshooting EIGRP

- Show IP Protocols
- Show ip route
- Show IP EIGRP neighbors
- Show IP EIGRP Topology
- Show IP EIGRP Traffic
- Debug IP EIGRP

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Referral Programs - Create incentives to get referrals

Referral programs are a great way to increase your network of business consulting. Typically, a referral program provides service credits to customers who send new business. If you offer a referral program that you offer your customers an incentive to continue to give their names to other companies.

These types of programs generally lift the response rate significantly. In the construction of a referral program there are some things to consider:

Give every satisfiedCustomers, especially your customers launching pad for a flyer describing the program of reference. Here are two ideas reference program to use and adapt:

"A friend of a friend is someone we know. When a friend of yours has computer problems earn valuable service credits simply your friends, family or work colleagues of ABC Consulting."

"Given the recommendations from you, and we will send a special certificate for 10%To visit their first service. Once the certificate will be cashed is a service fee of $ 100 credited to your account. It 's so simple. You see, before someone else does. Thank you for your business and your trust. ABC Network Consulting. "

Mail a description of your blueprint for your inactive customers and other business contacts.

Send an e-mail reference program out of every 90 days or so. This is a constant reminder, but it does not seem overwhelming.

Add a lineYour e-mail signature to promote your referral program.

Some of your customers feel uncomfortable to accept the prize offered with your referral program. They look at referrals as simply a way for you for the excellent job you have. Consider a donation in his name to a local charity, bring in chocolates, send flowers, something to show your appreciation.

Bottom Line on Referral Programs referral programs a great way to motivate your customers and contacts are to be sent toSo the company. The best type of marketing comes from other people, so everything you do, talk to your customers about you, the easier it directly. Set up a referral program now and start to show your clients how much you really appreciate their confidence in your work.

Copyright MMI-MMVII, Computer Consulting one hundred and first All rights reserved throughout the world. {Attention Publishers: Live HYPERLINK in author resource box for compliance with the copyright laws required}

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Key Logger Detector - How to identify a key-logger

in the last ten years has been observed by computer technology is growing rapidly, and the reporting of enormous growth, and offers some opportunities for employment. Besides this, the other side of the white color of the illegal activities at the same time growing. The virus prints, foot, and some other programs on the Internet for some plant essential to obtain information about the user. particularly key logger programs to hack into computers, andsends information about keywords that are pressing for the beneficiaries. This program knows when it is in online shopping systems, the receiver, the information on the transaction system, and he will steal all the money from your account. And now raised a question in mind to find this program as a key-logger and to delete, how things work.

If there is a concern, a key logger on your system hectares, is the first step is necessary to determineit. For this case, you need to use different computer software to find the key in your. One of the easiest ways to find these things are to run an anti-spyware software to scan. However, there are so many anti-spyware programs available on the Internet, and also you have to buy spy software. Most of these products are light to capture the logger after the software will provide important information about key loggers, and tell you how it can beremoved.

If you still have questions, you should not be stand-alone software for online spyware scan. Most people prefer this as the easiest, and capture and spyware infected files. For this case, you have a popular website that visit with these keys. She has many things to consider before choosing the best all-spyware software for your needs, because there are many sites on-line scan and subsequentlyare you with their tricks in the money to buy their software.

Although it is not infecting your computer, your online scan will tell you that your computer files, key-loggers and infected. And it's better ideas, open the Task Manager and see how many programs are running. You can easily see that some programs there that are unusual, your computer data logger program was kidnapped by the key. Ehours raised a question in your head as if to remove the key-logger program on your computer. There are some major anti-spyware software is there to remove the computer from your keylogger.

Make sure that after removing keylogger programs from your computer, you must clear the hard drive and reboot. And you need to make an important point that you need to check each program before you scan downloaded. Finally, there aresome well-established and experienced manufacturer of this anti-spyware software to sell from their Web sites. For more information and details please visit their website value.

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Computer Consulting: Do your duty

Beware of sellers, to explain to you what I ask you to do in your business. Instead, give a basic explanation of what turns your computer consulting business is all so a client can see if it has pictures of each product or service that is reactive rather be inside you, go to the interview, pro-active! They know what they're doing before you get in and is ready to help them with their needs.

Computer Consulting: Research on the preparation of the

Evenif you do maybe 30 to 45 minutes for some homework ahead of time, you have your research, to increase your chances of closing a sale, either on site or within a week or two to do next. Tips to prepare for their computers, you need the opinion, mind share and credibility, know that shows that you care about their business.

There's really no excuse for not doing their homework more. Today you can easily go to Google Search Engine and enter the person's name or phone number or address and find out everything under the sun that they are.

Computer Consulting: What do you know about customers,

You should really have a full profile:

-What transforms its business is all

-In what area are in

-What types of services they provide

-How many seats are

-How long are activities

Check out the latest news> Client

You may be able to articles that have been in the local newspaper about it, which may show either on Google or you going to make the newspaper a search function to find there. It would be like anything is possible which will give you more background information and a further advantage if you look that far, you already know what they're doing.

Copyright MMI-MMVI, Computer Consultants Secrets. All rights reserved throughout the world. {NotePublisher:} Live hyperlink in author resource box for compliance with copyright requirements

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5 S with Enterprise Network Hardware

There are several major suppliers of network hardware out there, and can often be confusing to decide which brand to buy. Would you like a Cisco, Juniper router, or router, Nortel? What brand of network switch, or should earn your business? Each company offers a great deal of specific detail / publicity, why you should choose their solution. I decided to freeze some of these, the details of the product and to provide a complete list of features that should make your businessfor their network hardware business.

vertical no matter what kind of activities are you or if you want your company off network hardware is a critical aspect of your business. The five most important functions of your network hardware and network infrastructure should include:

* Simplicity: A network operating system, the product and extremely simple, logical and easy to use, making life any easier. Network hardware that is easy to install and run, butprovides the infrastructure for complex business communication is a must.

* Security: business data is your most valuable asset of your company. If the data, customer data, financial data or intellectual property rights is extremely important that the network provides data protection and access control for that. Your brand of network hardware can make the difference between an occasional security issue and a perfect security record.

* Speed is importantthat the network is the speed of your company. It should never impede the workflow of your company, whether it be to access data on a company network or access globally. The network equipment, you can use is the engine, network infrastructure, the whole company is running.

* Scalability: It 's very important that your network will be scalable for your business to the cuts in jobs and growth. A network that is scalable can not incur unnecessary expenses for yourCompanies and unwanted difficulties for business efficiency. Scalability is not a network infrastructure, the open-source flexibility, the opportunity for your company to lock in to a particular solution, but have the ability to use the best technology commercially available.

* Save The maintenance of a network infrastructure can often be very expensive and top of the earnings of a company in one way or another. hardware-related network, both cheap andreliable is very difficult task. Depending on where you look, buying a used or refurbished Cisco routers Cisco switches can sometimes be the difference, ease of security, speed and scalability. However, it is equally important that you not break the bank to build the network infrastructure of your company. The key is finding a reliable manufacturer of networking hardware, be it a used network hardware vendor or a direct seller make sure they are clear andreliable.

Beyond this list there should be fundamental rights of consumers to follow the purchasing policies of network hardware. One of these components is to ensure a manufacturer's warranty, making it clear that they offer a guarantee on your purchase of network hardware, so if your needs change, you end up paying the costs.

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Computer Network Secure remote access options for remote workers

There are many advantages to offer to members of your organization or business with reliable, secure and feature-rich remote access options. The term "telecommuter" refers to an alternative model workers, employees who work mostly from home or are receiving on the move. Remote access options are available in many flavors. Some of the most secure remote access solutions are in use today.

A virtual private network or VPN provides a secureLink from a remote location to headquarters. A firewall, routers, multi-purpose dedicated VPN appliance or server operating system support includes the VPN should be configured and installed in a central location for customers with a remote VPN endpoint. Protocol Security (IPsec) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Internet services are common protocols used by VPN to provide encryption and security for remote access connectionInternet.

The way to connect remote users? In most cases, the VPN client is started or the computer software or hardware. Microsoft operating systems (XP, Vista and Windows 7) include built-in support for VPN connectivity. Cisco, SonicWall, Netgear, Fortinet and many other providers of products provides all the VPN client and client (sometimes called thin client called) on the basis of VPN connectivity options.Clientless VPN connectivity is usually set up in the office, the Web browser with a small Java applet or Active X control in conjunction with the SSL key, you create a secure connection with '. A hardware-based VPN client is usually a router, the office is able to house on a secure dedicated connection to the back.

Once a remote connection is secure, remote employees access to independent resources explicitly. The most common applicationand the provision of resources method is usually via a server or a remote desktop terminal session. Remote Desktop connections, experience "as if you were sitting in the office." Server-based remote meeting services allow many users on a single server at the same time in contact. A desktop computer, the remote session is possible, usually 1-1.

Secure remote access from home or on the road to greater productivity and efficiency can be promoted. Movingto a personal virtual office teleworkers or staff-model also has the added advantage of potential cost savings as the need for conventional central office space has declined.

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The Cisco Gigabit Ethernet switch solution

If you need to increase the productivity of your network, you should look at a fast and reliable Cisco Gigabit Ethernet. These Ethernet switch ideal for any company looking for a reliable and high quality connection to the Internet and corporate networks.

Many operations in the world, more and more broadband capacity for your business at optimum functionality. This environment leaves the company in a high rate constantFinding new ways to expand their business efficiently. Cisco Systems offers a configuration that is now one of the most reliable and highest quality production available. Cisco enables companies to efficiently connect many different people, the effectiveness of network to improve its overall the overall performance of the company.

If you have a power structure that your employees to find any kind of bandwidth they use permits necessary to build, enhance the skills of all yourEmployees. With a high quality system, employees will be able to use all their demanding applications on the network. This type of device innovation in your business and higher profits lead to the end of the year.

Cisco Gigabit Ethernet switches reduce the complexity of the IT department. This type of switch, make changes or extensions very easy. If the configuration is easier, less time and moneyFocus on IT issues and this allows the organization to operate effectively. By Cisco Systems for the network request from, there will be access to some of the highest quality on the market today. If you buy high quality products, reliability of the network.

Cisco is also an environmentally conscious company. Large computer systems have been known in the past, to consume large amounts of energy for its operation. Ciscohas been constantly improving the efficiency of their systems to improve the energy consumption of its products. Cisco has developed components Wise Energy Technology to help businesses, the environment, which is seeking acceptance of their impact. The use of Cisco Systems, which are decreasing the size of the footprint. Following the implementation of these systems may also be performed in an environmentally conscious organization.

If you reduce theThe complexity of the IT installation, the efficiency of your company. If the deal goes easier on the technical side, you will be able to significantly improve the productive aspects of your business. Cisco Systems will give you a very adaptable and innovative system to improve your efficiency and productivity.

When a Cisco system to be installed, the position of your company to company in a position that caneasily extend the capabilities of your operations, if necessary. The versatility of these systems allow your business to a changing economic environment or system must adapt.

If you are looking for industry-standard, a system of high quality compared to on, then you will want insights in the management of network services offered by Cisco to yours. Cisco has a reputation for producing the highest industry standards known. They are not onlyget some of the highest quality products known, but it will also always be there for a good price. Cisco engineers their products with the efficiency and productivity in the heart of its design goals. If you use the services of systems and products from Cisco, it will give your company the upper hand in a highly competitive market. The pricing strategy and incredible quality you get with Cisco expects you to put your company in a position capable of stormingNew frontiers in the profit.

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Can you maintain a network of small computers? So why are not your own boss?

If you have the ability to power and the ability to maintain a small business computer, there is absolutely no reason why you should not be able to own a consulting company started its own and become your boss. I can promise you from personal experience, there is no more rewarding career choice that you can always do, when success on their own.

It 'very easy to model the construction of a profitable customer base, if you are building a managed service,and if you do, you have an unparalleled level of job security, no limitation on earnings can be done, a great freedom in your daily routine and more time for your personal life, as you will ever have if you are working for someone more.

With so many potential benefits, because you choose to work for someone else?

I do not think you can get enough customers?

Nonsense! If you set your company with the correct model of flat-Fee Managed Services, eachYour customers will pay a fee every month (and how to ensure I can show to collect this tax on the first of every month! No waiting 30, 60, 90 days to pay!) Small businesses with an average of 10 people pay a managed service providers a fee of $ 1200 per month or more to know that their systems 24x7 monitoring and support provided immediately (you can easily either by using low-cost, web-based utilities) are. Only four small customersproduce a reliable and stable salary of almost $ 58,000. Everyone can use a will to succeed and some decent piece of marketing material, or four smaller end users quickly and easily.

Worried you can not sell?

Let's say instead that your business has chosen to seek a new job instead. How else do you think that going to an interview from the sale of customer service is handled on your potential? I will tell you how different ... Sale to a potentialClient is much easier!

In an interview, you are probably in competition with tens if not hundreds of other potential candidates. Many of those are probably the same if not higher degree to experience it. But if a service talking about a potential client for your computer consulting, will compete with other candidates by two or three at most. And if your potential customers will come through a referral (the best way for newCustomers who among other things), it is likely to compete with someone!

In the search for new customers, you should not, etc.), go to places where they are actually looking for you (corporate networks, with recommendations, through job advertisements placed on the client. These companies are eager to use the service already. As long as you can show how the service can be an advantage and the value of this potential client to provide for the sale.

I'm not sure if you qualify, you do yourYour Own Business?

If you can keep your computer network is a small company, you are qualified to take the company to board your computer! Thanks to the control system of cost-effectiveness and remote access applications available, and you can easily support a small base but very profitable small business. Why are you able to manage your customers 'systems' without cause on the ground for every little problem, and because it is able to ensure a morestable operating environment with your support, you can set the clock to support your entire customer base to a few per day. Start a consulting company as an independent consultant requires almost zero start-up capital and overhead very month. Exploiting the use of current technologies, there are few opportunities for businesses, operating costs are easier to start than by an independent consultantManaged Service Provider.

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