network routing protocols - IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, ISIS, BGP

View

The purpose of routing protocols are the routes available, learn to exist in the corporate network to build routing tables and routing decisions. These are some of the most common routing protocols are RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP and IS. There are two main types of routing protocol, although many different routing protocols defined by these two types. protocols and link state vector types include primary distance. Distance Vector ProtocolsAdvertising their routing table to all directly connected neighbors at regular intervals, with a lot of bandwidth and are slow to converge. If a route becomes unavailable, all router tables are updated with new information. The problem is to advertise with any router with new information to its neighbors, it takes a long time for all routers of a current network is a closer look. Distance Vector protocols use the subnet mask of fixed length which are not scalable.Link State routing protocols advertise updates only when the bandwidth more efficiently. Advertising router does the routing table convergence faster. The routing protocol will converge the network with link-state advertisements to all routers adjacent area in an attempt to flood the network with new route information. A gradual change is all that is advertised to all multicast router LSA as an upgrade. Use variable length subnet masks, whichexploit scalable and efficient routing.

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol is a distance vector routing protocol developed by Cisco Systems for network routing protocols over many small and medium enterprises Cisco. And 'owner requires use of Cisco routers. This contrasts with IP and IPX RIP RIP Designed for multi-vendor networks. IGRP route IP, IPX, and DECnetAppleTalk protocol, which makes it very versatile for different clients. It's more scalable than RIP hop count of 100 because it supports, promotes only every 90 seconds and uses a mixture of five different parameters for a destination best. Note that point, because IGRP announced less frequently, but uses less bandwidth RIP converges much more slowly, because 90 seconds before the router IGRP are known to the changes of network topology. IGRP does not recognizeAssigning different autonomous systems and the network automatically combined class boundaries. Similarly, the possibility exists to compensate for the traffic over equal or unequal cost load paths metric.

Statistics

· Distance vector

· Itineraries IP, IPX, DECnet, AppleTalk

° Table routing display every 90 seconds

· Metric: bandwidth, delay, reliability, load, MTU size

· Hop Count: 100

· FixedLength subnet mask

· Compression Class Network Address

Balance load · over 6 cost the same or different routes (IOS 11.0)

· Metric = BW * destination path in the shortest possible time (USEC)

Splitting · Horizon

· Timer: invalid timer (270 sec), thread-timer (630 sec), hold-down timer (280 sec)

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol is a hybridnetwork routing protocol developed by Cisco Systems for many routing protocols in a company, Cisco. It has features of both distance vector routing protocols and link state routing protocols. And 'owner requires use of Cisco routers. EIGRP route is the same protocols, IGRP routes (IP, IPX, DECnet and AppleTalk) and use the same IGRP composite metric to choose the best route to a destination. Similarly, there is a possibility of load balancingTransport costs are the same or different paths metric. Compaction is a class A address network but can be configured to automatically summarize subnet boundaries, e. Redistribution between IGRP and EIGRP is automatic as well. There is support for a hop count of 255 and variable length subnet mask.

Convergence

EIGRP convergence is faster because it uses an algorithm called Dual-update algorithm or DUAL, which is run is used when a router detects that aparticular path is not available. The router queries its neighbors in search of a possible successor. This is like a neighbor with a lower cost path to a destination, so no routing loops defined. EIGRP is its routing table with the new route and update associated metrics. route changes are applied only to the affected router, when changes occur. It uses the bandwidth more efficiently than Distance Vector routing protocols.

Autonomous Systems

EIGRP does not recognize the assignment of different autonomous systems, processes running under the same administrative domain routing. Assigning a different autonomous system number is not to define a backbone as OSPF. With IGRP and EIGRP route change for redistribution, filtering and compression points.

Statistics

· Search Advanced distance vector

· Itineraries IP, IPX, DECnet, AppleTalk

· RoutingView: Partial If there are changes of direction

· Metrics: bandwidth, delay, reliability, load, MTU size

· Hop Count: 255

Variable · Length Subnet Mask

· Compression on network address or subnet Class Boundary

Balance load · over 6 cost the same or different routes (IOS 11.0)

· Timer: active time (180 sec)

· Metric = BW * destination path in the shortest possible time (ms) * 256

· DemergerHorizon

Multicast LSA · Address: 224.0.0.10

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

Open Shortest Path First protocol is a true link-state as an open standard for IP routing largest multi-vendor networks developed. A link state protocol link-state advertisements send to all connected neighbors of the same area to communicate route information. Each OSPF router active when it starts, the Hello packets sent to all OSPF routers connected directly. TheHello packets contain information such as routers Timer, Router ID and subnet mask. If the routers agree on the information that become OSPF neighbors. Routers become neighbors as soon as it is adjacent by exchanging link-state databases. Routers over point-to-point and point-multipoint connections (such as OSPF interface type setting noted) adjacencies automatically. OSPF router interfaces configured as a broadcast (Ethernet) and NBMA (Frame Relay) is designatedRouter adjacency sets.

Areas

OSPF uses a hierarchy with assigned spaces, which connects to a main backbone routers. Each area is characterized by one or more routers that have formed adjacencies defined. OSPF backbone area 0, area stub, the not-so-stubby areas and opaque areas completely defined. Area 0 is connected with a group of routers in a particular office is established or WAN connections over several locations. It 'better to have all the router area 0combined with a full-mesh with an Ethernet segment to a central office. This provides high performance and prevents the range of partitioning a router connection should fail. Area 0 is a transit zone for the whole movement-related areas. Each inter-area traffic must first route through the range of 0. stub area use a default route traffic to an external network such as routers EIGRP as the boundaries of the region not to send or receive, certainly not outside paths. Inter-and intra-area routing areais as usual. Totally stubby areas are a Cisco specification, which addresses use a default path for inter-and external field. The ABR does not send or receive external LSA or inter-zone. The ABR-so-stubby area does not advertise external routes with type 7 LSA. Additional routes are not addressed in this area damage. Inter-and intra-area field is sent as usual. Defined internal OSPF routers, backbone routers, area border routers (ABR) and Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR).interior routers are specific to a sector. Area border routers have interfaces that are assigned to more than one area, such as the range between 0 and 10 range. An autonomous system border router has assigned interfaces OSPF and another routing protocol such as EIGRP and BGP. A virtual connection is used when an area is not a direct connection between 0 A virtual link between area border router for an area that is not connected to area 0 set, and an area border router for an areawhich is connected to area 0. Area design involves taking into account geographic location of offices and traffic flow throughout the enterprise. It 'important to be able to summarize addresses for many offices to the area and minimize broadcast traffic.

Convergence

fast convergence with the SPF (Dijkstra) algorithm, which achieves a shorter path from source to destination. The routing table is the implementation of SPF, all paths established by the neighbors builtRouter. Because each router has a copy of the OSPF topology database and routing table for its particular field, are the paths of changes identified faster than distance vector protocols and alternative routes are detected.

Designated Router

Broadcast networks such as Ethernet and non-broadcast multi-access networks such as Frame Relay has a designated router (DR) and backup designated routers (BDR), which are selected. Designated establish adjacencies with Routerall routers in this network segment. This should be reduced to broadcasts from all routers regularly send Hello packets to its neighbors. The DR sends multicast packets to all routers with which it has established adjacencies. If the DR fails, BDR is sending to the multicast router specific. Each router is a router ID, the highest IP address assigned is assigned to an interface working. OSPF uses the router ID (RID) for all routing processes.

Statistics

· Link State

• IP Routes

Routing ° view: partial change of direction occurs when

· Metric: Composite cost of each router to the destination (100,000,000 / interface speed)

Earl Hop: None (Network Limited)

Variable · Length Subnet Mask

· Compression on network address or subnet Class Boundary

Load · balance between cost of four paths

Route · Types: internalBackbone, ABR, ASBR

· Types Area: spine, Stubby, Not-So-Stubby, Totally Stubby

LSA · Types: intra-field (1.2) Inter-field (3.4), outdoor (5.7)

· Timer: Hello Interval and Dead Interval (different network)

· LSA multicast address: 224.0.0.5 and 224.0.0.6 (DR / BDR) no filter!

· Types of interfaces: point to point, broadcast, non-broadcast, point to multipoint, Loopback

Integrated IS-IS

Integrated Intermediate System - Intermediate System Routing Protocol is a link state protocol such as OSPF, which is used by large enterprises and ISP customers. An intermediate solution is a router and IS-IS routing protocol packets between intermediate systems. IS-IS uses a link-state database and Dijkstra SPF algorithm leads to the shortest paths to choose routes. router to the next point to point and point-multipoint connections, adjacent plantSending Hello packets and exchange of link-state databases. IS-IS routers broadcast and NBMA networks, choose a designated router adjacencies with all routers that produces neighbors in this network. The designated router and each router is a neighbor adjacent to neighboring routers for multicasting link-state advertisements to the network. This is different from OSPF adjacency between the DR and any neighboring router only firmly. IS-IS uses a hierarchicalthe structure of the fields with level 1 and 2 types routers. Level 1 routers are similar to intra-area OSPF routers that have no direct connections outside of their region. Level 2 includes the area of backbone routers, the various sectors, such as OSPF area 0 links with the IS-IS router is a L1/L2 router as an OSPF Area Border Router (ABR), compounds capable with its surroundings and the area has is its backbone. The difference with IS-IS, is that the links between routers include the border areaand not the router. Each IS-IS router must be assigned an address that is unique for the domain routing. An address format used, which is part of an area ID and system ID. The area is the ID number assigned to the field and the system ID is a MAC address from router interfaces. There is support for variable length subnet mask, which is compatible with all standard link-state protocols. Note that the IS-IS routing process to an interface instead of aNetwork.

Statistics

· Link State

• The routes IP CLN

· Advertising Routing occur: partial routing changes when

· Metric: variable costs (standard costs assigned to each port 10)

· Hop Count: None (limited by the network)

Variable · Length Subnet Mask

· Compression on network address or subnet Class Boundary

Balance load · cost of more than 6Routes

· Timer: Interval Hello, Hello Multiplier

· Types Area: hierarchical topology is similar to OSPF

· Types Course: Level 1 and 2

· Types LSP: Internal L1 and L2, L2 external

° design Router election, not BDR

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

Border Gateway Protocol is an exterior gateway protocol, which is for the interior gateway protocols discussed so far. The distinction isimportant, since the term autonomous system is a bit 'different, with the protocols used, such as EIGRP, as with BGP. exterior gateway protocols like BGP route between autonomous systems that a particular AS number are assigned. AS numbers can be assigned to an office with one or more BGP routers. The BGP routing table is the destination IP address, the associated AS-path to this goal included to reach a deal and next hop router. AS-Path is a set of AS numbersprovide that each office involved with routing packets. Compare used with the EIGRP autonomous systems as well. The difference is their autonomous systems refer to a logical grouping of routers within the same administrative system. You can configure many network EIGRP autonomous systems. They are all operated by the company to define route summarization, redistribution and filtering. BGP is a set of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and businesses that use large enterprisesDual homed Internet connections with single or dual-homed router for the same or different ISPs. BGP routing packets on a network of ISP, a separate routing domain is managed by them. The ISP has assigned its own AS number that is assigned by InterNIC. New customers can request either an AS-assignment to serve as your ISP or the InterNIC. AS number assignment is only for customers when they need a connection with BGP. There are 10 listedThe attributes that determine a particular order or sequence that BGP is used as a parameter to determine the best route to a destination. Companies with only a connection to an ISP circuit will implement a default route on your router, which transmits all packets destined to an external network. BGP routers distribute routing information (peering) with all the routers on the network IGP (EIGRP, RIP, OSPF, etc.) involving the exchange of complete routing tables. Once these are done, is incrementalUpdates will be posted with the topology changes. Each BGP router can be configured to filter routing broadcasts with line cards instead of sending / receiving the entire Internet routing table should be.

BGP routing table Component

° IP destination address / Subnet Mask

· How-Path

· Next Hop IP Address

Recommend : MP3 Player wdhdlive datarecoverysoftware